NRPS Prediction Blast Server
1. Cut out the A3 to A6-180/200 amino acids subsequence of the adenylation domain to be investigated. Here are the consensus sequences for the two core motifs according to Marahiel et al., Chemical Reviews (1997), 97:2651-2673.

A3: LAYxxYTSG(ST)TGxPKG

A6:GELxIxGxG(VL)

2. Download the A3-A6 phenylalanine activation domain sequence of the Gramicidin S synthetase GrsA.

3. Using Multiple alignment software (e.g., ClustalX or ClustalW) align both sequences.

4. Extract the 8 amino acids lining the binding pocket using the following template:

Example: Alignment output of GrsA with Entrobactin serine activating A domain, EntF.
The amino acids outlined in red correspond to the 8 amino acids lining the binding pocket of GrsA crystal structure.


GrsA_ FDASVWEMFMALLTG ASLYIILKDTINDFV KFEQYINQKEITVIT LP----PT-----Y- ---VV---HLDP-ER ILSIQTLITAGSATS 73
EntF_ FDVSVWEFFWPFIAG AKLVMAEPEAHRDPL AMQQFFAEYGVTTTH FVPSMLAA-----FV ASLTP---QTAR-QS CATLKQVFCSGEALP 81

GrsA_ PSLVNK-WKEKVTYI ---NAYGPTETTICA T--T--CVATKETIG HSVPIGAPIQNTQIY IVDENLQLKSVGEAG ELCIGGEGLARGYWK 155
EntF_ -ADLCR-EWQQLTGA PLHNLYGPTEAAVDV SWYPAFGEELAQVRG SSVPIGYPVWNTGLR ILDAMMHPVPPGVAG DLYLTGIQLAQGYLG 169

The eight amino acids lining the putative binding pocket of EntF are: DVWHFSLV
Hint: The Glycine highlighted in blue is highly conserved, and can be used to confirmed the alignment. Often two Glycine residues are present and the second one is the conserved one, the first one being the sixth residue lining the binding pocket.
5. Place the eight amino acids sequence in the Blast server window and run the BlastP search. The output will appear in the
bottom window of the screen.

6. The databases There are two databases to choose from:

The "Assigned Database" consist of the eight amino acids lining the binding pocket of 198 adenylation domains where the substrate has been proven experimentally.

The "Unassigned Database" consist of the eight amino acids lining the binding pocket of 88 adenylation domains where the substrate has NOT been proven experimentally.

7. How to Read the Output

In the definition line, you'll find the gi and genbank number followed by the name of the gene-the module number in the gene-the amino acid activated (represented by the three-letter code).

Example: >gi|4481934|emb|CAB38518.1|Cda1-M5-Asp|CDA peptide synthetase I

CDA peptide synthetase I, Module 5 in the gene, and activated Aspartate (Asp)

The gene name codes are as follows:

Abbreviations for the protein names are as follows: Acm, actinomycin synthetase; Acv, ACV synthetase (Aspergillus nidulans); AngR, anguibactin synthetase; Bac, bacitracin synthetases; Cda, calcium-dependent anitbiotic; Cep, chloroeremomycin synthetases; Cpps, Claviceps purpurea peptide synthetase; CssA, cyclosporin synthetase; Dhb, 2,-3-dihydroxy-benzoylglycine synthetase; DltA, D-alanine-teichoic acid synthetase (B. subtilis); DaeA, D-alanine-teichoic acid synthetase (Lactobacillus casei); Epo, epothilone synthetase; Esyn1; enniatin synthetase; EntF, enterobactin synthetase; Fxb, exochelin synthetases; Glg1, D-alanine-teichoic acid synthetase (Streptococcus mutans); Grs, gramicidin synthetases; Irp2, yersiniabactin synthetase; Lmb, lyncomycin synthetase; Nos, Nostopeptolide synthetase; Pps and Fen, fengycin synthetases; FkbP, FK506 synthetase; Hts1, HC-toxin synthetase; LchA, lichenysin A synthetases; Lic, lichenysin D synthetases; Mcy, microcystin synthetase, Mbt, mycobactin synthetases; Myc, mycosubtilin synthetase; PcbAB, ACV synthetase (Nocardia lactamdurans); Pch; pyochelin synthetases; PvdD, pyoverdin synthetase; RapP, rapamycin synthetase; Saf, saframycin synthetases; Snb, pristinamycin/virginiamycin synthetase; SrfA, surfactin A synthetases; Syr, synringomycin synthetases; Tyc, tyrocidine synthetases;

Activated amino acids are represented by the three-letter amino acid code. Modified amino acids are indicated by the use of prefixes: Me: N-methylation; D: D-configuration; xh: hydroxylation at position x relative to the a-carbon atom, xf(a): formylation (acylation) at position x relative to the a-carbon atom. Bmt: (4R)-4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-L-threonine, 3h4mPhe: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-L-phenylalanine, Pip: L-pipecolic acid, 4pPro: 4 propyl-L-proline, Orn: L-Ornithine, PGly: L-phenylglycine, HPG: 4-hydroxy-L-phenylglycine, DHPG: 3,5-hydroxy-L-phenylglycine.

BLAST SERVER